clarehayns

The Witch of Endor: going the extra mile

One of the films I’m most looking forward to once we can go to the cinema again is Blithe Spirit, based on the play by Noel Coward and starring the great Dame Judy Dench. She will playing the role of the psychic medium Madame Acarti who summons the ghost of the late Elvira Condomine, the first wife of Charles, who then proceeds to haunt him and his current wife. You can see the trailer here

Our next woman is also a medium and she is commonly known as the Witch of Endor, although oddly the bible never actually calls her a witch. We don’t know her name but she was clearly a well-known figure in Endor and her life was likely to have been ‘underground’ and on the margins. The ancient religious tradition of the time believed that consulting the dead could reveal secret wisdom, but all witchcraft and necromancy (speaking to the dead) had been banned by Jewish law:

No one shall be found among you who makes a son or daughter pass through fire, or who practices divination, or is a soothsayer, or an augur, or a sorcerer, or one who casts spells, or who consults ghosts or spirits, or who seeks oracles from the dead. For whoever does these things is abhorrent to the Lord’
Deuteronomy 18. 10-12

Added to this King Saul had recently expelled all the mediums and ‘spiritists’ from the region (1 Samuel 28.3).

I have a confession to make here. My husband is a magician and before ordination I spent my time organising parties which included magic, fire eating and general sorcery. But we didn’t summon ghosts or consult with the dead, so hopefully that’s OK!

Considering King Saul had just banished all spiritualists it’s surprising that in his time of greatest need he turned to the Medium of Endor for answers. He was at the end of his life and the Philistine forces, with David now on their side, were preparing to fight him once again. He didn’t know what to do and so, in flagrant disregard for his own law, he disguised himself and went out late at night to visit the Medium to ask her to consult the late prophet Samuel.

She lets him in but is wary. She quickly sees through his disguise and thinks it might be a trick :

‘Why have you deceived me? You are Saul’
1 Samuel 28.12

But she does what’s asked of her and summons up the spirit of the prophet Samuel. There is all the drama you would expect: Madam Acarti would have approved!

..she cried with a loud voice...I see a divine being coming up out of the ground.” He said to her, “What is his appearance?” She said, “An old man is coming up; he is wrapped in a robe.” 1 Samuel 28.13-14

Samuel tells Saul what he doesn’t want to hear: that Saul had angered the Lord, and by the next day he and his sons would be dead. He’s devastated by this news, understandably.

The story ends with a gesture which shows the kindness of the Medium of Endor towards the King. She saw Saul’s distress and offers him food, which he refused at first. She insisted and persuaded him to stay and even killed the fatted calf and baked some bread. He eventually ate and is restored enough to go on his way.

He does indeed die the very next day.

Reflection and Prayer

It’s hard to know what to make of this story. Do we believe the soul of Samuel was really summoned up, or was this some kind of trickery, or an apparition of a weary, hungry and desperate man? It’s been a cause of debate for centuries, with her being called a ventriloquist, a demon and a prophet. She’s been portrayed in fantasy art and even has a mention in the Star Wars franchise (the planet where the Ewok’s live is called Endor!). I don’t know the answer. I think it’s dangerous to dabble in the occult, but I’ve also been around enough magicians to know that most of it is simple sleight of hand and clever illusions.

But perhaps what we can take from this story is that she was a woman who was part of a persecuted group, who encountered the very person who had banished her people. She did what was asked of her but went the extra mile and provided much needed hospitality to her oppressor. An early Good Samaritan in fact!

But a Samaritan while traveling came near him; and when he saw him, he was moved with pity. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him....Which of these three, do you think, was a neighbour to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?” He said, 
“The one who showed him mercy.” Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”
From the parable of the Good Samaritan
Luke 10: 25-37

Support for our neighbours and for those in need is crucially important at this time isn’t it? And that support can sometimes come from the most unexpected people. Let us be thankful for all those who, like the Medium of Endor, go the extra mile.

Lord Jesus, who taught us to love our neighbour as ourselves,
we lay before you the needs and concerns of our community,
knowing that in your love for us you will hear, guide and heal
according to your wisdom;
help us in our daily living, to respond
with the same love, patience and mercy
to those who call on us.
For your names sake. Amen
Frank Topping

Abigail: the desert diplomat

1 Samuel 25: 1-44

In 2014 Major General Kristin Lund of Norway was appointed as the first woman to serve as Force Commander in a United Nations peacekeeping operation. (1)

Our next woman, Abigail, was also a peacekeeper.

The whole story is written rather like a play within a play. The setting is in the desert at a time when the Israelites were desert tribes, Saul was still King, the prophet Samuel had just died, and David was gaining power as a tribal leader.

Abigail (meaning father’s joy) was married to Nabal (meaning fool or moron). They could not have been a more mismatched couple. Abigail was beautiful, intelligent and sensitive whereas Nabal was surly, mean and a drunkard. He had a large farm with 3000 sheep, 1000 goats and a property at the foot of Mount Carmel.

It was sheep shearing season, traditionally a time when communities would hold celebration feasts. David, whose men had protected Nabal’s farm, sent ten men to ask for some produce for the feast as payment. Nabal responded to their polite (although 10 men sounds pretty threatening) request by shouting at them and insulting the men, and David.

Who is this David? Who is this son of Jesse?
1 Samuel 25.10

David was furious when he heard this and began to prepare to go to war against them. One of Nabal’s men saw what had happened and wisely realised that there was no point talking to his master as ‘he’s so ill-natured that no-one can speak to him’. Instead he went to Abigail and explained the dangerous situation.

Abigail lost no time.

She gathered a number of gifts (including managing to rustle up 200 cakes of figs and 100 cakes of raisins, which is pretty impressive), loaded up the donkeys and headed off to meet David.

Abigail throws herself at David’s feet. Minature from Rudolf von Ems’ World Chronicle, Codex bibl. 205, fol. 136 (14th Century)

She found him and his men on their way to battle. She got off her donkey, threw herself at David’s feet and then delivered a brilliant peacekeeping speech: a speech which appealed to David’s pride and was both theologically compelling and strategically sensible. She used winning peace making strategies, many typically used by women who don’t have power and strength on their side:

Flattery – ‘my Lord’
Humility – ‘let the blame be on me alone’
Explanation – ‘pay no attention to that wicked man Nabal – his name is Fool and folly goes with him’
Gift giving – ‘let this gift.. be given to the men who follow you’
Appeal to the conscience – ‘let no wrong-doing be found in you as long as you live’.

Abigail’s speech changed David’s heart and he called off his men.

May you be blessed for your good judgement and for keeping me from bloodshed this day
1 Samuel 25.33

What Abigail did that day was hugely risky. David could easily have killed her, and even after her meeting with him she then had to go back home to face the wrath of her husband. Once back she found him ‘in high spirits and very drunk’ and so she wisely decided to wait until he had sobered up to tell him what she had done.

A C14th depiction of Abigail tending Nabal by John de Teye (1361-1384)
commons.wikimedia.org

He was so shocked ‘his heart failed him and became like stone’. (37)

It is likely that he had a stroke or a heart attack, and 10 days later he died.

Abigail’s story doesn’t end there as David, hearing of Nabal’s death, sends for her and she becomes his wife, and the mother of his second son (Daniel).

Reflection and Prayer

Abigail’s story is one of salvation. She saves her household and herself from her boorish husband and from the ensuing army set to destroy them. She saved David from acting in a way that would lead to sin, and she secured peace in the region and a better life for herself and her people.

A very early role model for the female peacekeepers of the United Nations today?

As we remember Abigail let us pray for all those who are peacemakers in our communities, for those who do this on a global and national stage, but also for those who are involved in conflict mediation on a local level. Let us also remember women who are today living with partners who struggle with alcohol addiction, and who’s behaviour is unpredictable and violent. This must be particularly difficult during this difficult time.

O God, from whom all holy desires, all good counsels, and all just works do proceed: Give unto thy servants that peace which the world cannot give, that our hearts may be set to obey thy commandments,
and also that by thee, we, being defended from the fear of all enemies,
may pass our time in rest and quietness;
through the merits of Jesus Christ our Saviour.
Amen.
The Collect for Peace from the Book of Common Prayer

(1 and 2) https://unu.edu/publications/articles/why-un-needs-more-female-peacekeepers.html

Michal: a tale of love and hate

1 Samuel 18-19; 2 Samuel 3.13-16; 6.12-23

There’s a beautiful word in Hebrew חֶסֶד that’s pronounced ‘hesed’. It’s often translated as ‘loving kindness’ and is a word that describes the sacrificial love that exists between people, and that of the love God has for humanity.

It’s interesting though that the root of the word can mean both passion for someone and also passion against someone. Love and hate are closely entwined, and the most passionate love can turn very quickly into something ugly, as anyone whose marriage or relationship hasn’t turned out as they expect will know only too well.

Michal’s story involves deep love but it’s a love that is never truly shared and it turns into profound bitterness, and ultimately to hatred.

Michal was the youngest daughter of King Saul, the first king of Israel and Judah, and she is the only woman the Bible explicitly states as loving a man:

Now Saul’s daughter Michal loved David. Saul was told, and the thing pleased him.
1 Samuel 18.20

David was a handsome young man in the king’s household who’d gained Saul’s favour by killing off his enemy Goliath. Saul was delighted with the idea of a union between his daughter and David for the sole reason that he saw it as an opportunity to get rid of his rival, and his plan is both macabre and bizarre.

In those days it was customary for the groom to offer a gift to the father of the bride, but what Saul demanded for his daughter was:

no other price for the bride that a hundred Philistine foreskins’
1 Samuel 18.25

She was worth A HUNDRED FORESKINS! There is no doubt that Saul was hoping that David would be killed in the process of collecting this macabre gift, but in fact David hands over double this and the marriage is agreed.

You may remember the quote by Princess Diana when speaking about her marriage to Charles:

'There were three of us in this marriage'

For Princess Michal there were rather more as Polygamy (for men) was allowed at this time in Israel’s history and David had up to seven wives. The other person to show this deep ‘hesed’ love towards David was in fact not another wife, but Michal’s brother, Jonathan:

the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul… Then Jonathan made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul. Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that he was wearing, and gave it to David, and his armour, and even his sword and his bow and his belt.
1 Samuel 18.2-3

It’s hard to find a more beautiful description of covenanted love in the bible than the one made between Jonathan and David.. but that’s another story!

Michal lets David escape from the window. A painting by Gustave Doré, 1865. commons.wikimedia.org

Saul’s jealousy towards his son-in-law built. His rages became more violent and unpredictable and he vowed to kill him. Both Michal and Jonathan showed ‘hesed’ love by helping David escape at great personal risk. Jonathan warned David that Saul wanted to murder him and Michal let him out of the window and then duped her murderous father into thinking he was sick by putting a dummy in his bed and dressing it up. It’s was an incredibly brave act and gave David time to escape.

As David had fled Michal was given in marriage to ‘Paltiel son of Laish, who was from Gallim’, but once David became King he demanded she be brought back to him. Poor Paltiel was bereft and followed behind her weeping before being sent back home.

Any initial love that Michal had towards David was a distant memory by the end of their relationship.

David returned from war having claimed the Arc of the Covenant (the ancient symbol of God’s presence), and was so happy he danced in the streets with abandon:

David, wearing a linen ephod, danced before the Lord with all his might, whilst he and the entire house of Israel brought up the ark of the Lord
2 Samuel 6.14

Michal watched him from a window: she was not impressed. David had gone back home expecting a hero’s welcome from his wife, but instead he got the full force of her fury:

by Francesco de Rossi, 1552-1552 (Wikimedia)

When she saw King David leaping and dancing before the Lord, she despised him in her heart…. ‘How the king of Israel honoured himself today, uncovering himself today before the eyes of his servants’ maids, as any vulgar fellow might‘
2 Samuel 6.16, 20

The argument descended as so many marital rows do. He told her he could celebrate however he liked and warned her he could become even more undignified. She accused him of losing his clothes in front of the servants and he threw at her the fact her father lost the entire kingdom!

Hurtful words said in the heat of an argument can’t easily be taken back again.

Sadly, Michal and David’s relationship (if their union could ever have been called that) never recovers and the last we hear is:

Michal daughter of Saul had no children to the day of her death.
2 Samuel 6.23

Reflection and Prayer

Though the mountains be shaken and the hills be removed, 
yet my unfailing love (hesed) for you will not be shaken
 Isaiah 54:10

Michal is a great character isn’t she? I find it refreshing to read about a bible woman given a a full range of human emotions, from sacrificial love, to irritation, to downright hatred! She was willing to dedicate her life to David but by the end even the way he danced drove her mad with irritation.

Her story reminds us of the delicate nature of human love. It’s so easy to take one another for granted and to let the small irritations fester and grow. Let’s protect and nurture the loving relationships that we have, whether they be with a partner, friend or family member, and especially at this time of global and local anxiety. Remember that the love we have for one another is but a dim reflection of the sacrificial (hesed) love that our heavenly father has for each of us, a love that is revealed through the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus on the cross.

A blessing from the 2nd Century for us all:
O Sovereign God, bless all thy people, and all thy flock. Give thy peace, thy help, thy love unto us thy servants, the sheep of thy fold, that we may be united in the bond of peace and love, one body and one spirit, in one hope of our calling, in thy divine and boundless love. Amen
Liturgy of St Mark, 2nd Century

(1) From Jenni Williams, God Remembered Rachel, SPCK, 2014, chapter 6

Hannah: she rose

1 Samuel 1: 1-28, 2:1-11, 18-21

Here’s a quick quiz for you. How many women in the bible can you think of who were known to be infertile (at some stage)?

And how many men?

I thought so!

Hannah is one of several bible women whose story revolves around infertility and the longing for a child. She lived in Israel at the time when Eli was the High Priest. She was married to Elkanah who had a second wife called Penninah.

It’s perhaps worth giving a bit of background into the culture of the time. In the ancient world to be married and childless was a social disgrace. There wasn’t the understanding that fertility could also be a male issue, and it was believed that the woman who didn’t conceive wasn’t living up to the Creator’s command to be ‘fruitful and multiply’ (Genesis 1:28). The expectation was that women should become the mothers of sons, who would continue the family name and provide for them in their old age. It was of course a classic patriarchal society and women unable to do what was required of them were often shunned and excluded from society. And so with that background we can understand Hannah’s story better:

Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.
1 Samuel 1. 2

Elkanah was supportive and generous, even giving Hannah double portions of food during the annual sacrifice feast, ‘because he loved her’. But for Hannah, it was Penninah, the other woman, who seemed to cause her the most pain.

Her rival used to provoke her severely, to irritate her, because the Lord had closed her womb. So it went on year by year as often as she went up to the house of the Lord, she used to provoke her.
1 Samuel 1.6

Hannah became depressed, even getting to the stage that she couldn’t eat and spent her time in tears. Elikinah doesn’t seem to understand the depth of her sadness: of course, he already had children and so for him a child with Hannah wasn’t necessary:

Elkanah said to her, “Hannah, why do you weep? Why do you not eat? Why is your heart sad? Am I not more to you than ten sons?”
1 Samuel 1.8

Despite all of this sadness Hannah was a woman of deep faith and of hope, and the turning point in her story comes with two powerful words:

Hannah rose

Hannah rose up, went to the temple to pray day after day, even though she had to suffer Peninnah’s taunts on the way. One day she was praying so earnestly and with such passion that the priest at the temple (Eli) thought she must be drunk!

Hannah and Eli engraving by German painter Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld

No, my lord, I am a woman deeply troubled; I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but I have been pouring out my soul before the Lord
(1 Samuel 1.15)

She vowed that if God gave her a child then she would repay this blessing by offering him back to God to live and work in the temple. She becomes pregnant and carried out her promise to the Lord. When her child Samuel (which means God has heard) is fully weaned (probably about 3 years old), she took him to the temple where he grew up under Eli’s guidance. She to visit him every year with clothes she had lovingly made for him, and went on to have five more children.

Samuel grew to be one of the greatest prophets in Israel.

Reflection and Prayer

For it is the God who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,” who has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. But we have this treasure in clay jars, so that it may be made clear that this extraordinary power belongs to God and does not come from us. We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair.
2 Corinthians 4: 6-8

There was a time in Hannah’s story when her longing was so great that ‘her heart was sad’. No amount of kind words or extra portions of food from her husband was going to make any difference to this. It must have been difficult for Elkanah to know how to support his beloved wife in her despair. What changed things in the end for Hannah was that she ‘rose up’ and somehow managed to find the strength to go the temple and pour out her heart to God. Sometimes even doing that seems impossible.

These are troubling days for so many people and so let us pray for all those whose hearts are sad at this time, for those who can’t even find the strength to eat or pray, and for those who stand beside them wondering how best to help.

O God, from whom to be turned is to fall,
to whom to be turned is to rise,
and in whom to stand is to abide for ever:
grant us in all our duties thy help,
in all our perplexities thy guidance,
in all our dangers thy protection,
and in all our sorrows thy peace;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen
Augustine, 352-430

Bathsheba’s Song

From 2 Samuel 11

Guest Blog by Milly Sinclair, training consultant…and my sister!

How long, how long will we sing this song
How long…

Raped Bathsheba
Given a name
But no voice
Just another
Naked beauty
Broken
A footnote in a
Famous man’s story

Boy David
Turned Goliath
Powerful man king
Snatching at flesh
That wasn’t his
To take

And Oh, oh, oh
she had no stone to fell him

The fame of
David’s name.
His lust known
His rape
His murder:
‘You are the man… yes you are the man.’
His lavish atonement
His grief
His poetry
His lineage
Writ large for perpetuity

Bathsheba
You share the blame
Of his shame
Your child taken.

How wild was David’s grief
How deep and wide David’s repentance…
‘wash me as white as snow’

Bathsheba’s cries unheard
Bathsheba’s grief unwritten
Bathsheba’s rape unredeemed
Bathsheba’s stain unwashed
Wife of a murdered husband
Mother of a stolen child
Forced to drink
Again… and again…
The bitter cup

All the women,
Yes, all the women
Whose bodies are used
As weapons of war,
All the footnotes
In powerful men’s story,
All that share the blame
Of man’s shame.
All the nameless,
The blameless
The wordless
Raped women
Line up… line up
Fill our ears with your voice.
Bathsheba’s story is your story
We hear you.

How long, how long will
We sing this song
How long….

Broken, naked woman
Broken, naked, man
Redeem us.

It is Mothering Sunday in the UK tomorrow, a day that is full of joy for some and sorrow for others. This year will be particularly difficult for all those who can’t be with their mothers. And so let us pray for women who are mothers, for our own mothers, for those who long to be a mother, and for all those who have a ‘mothering’ role in caring for children and young people.

Lord, we pray for the women of our world
the mothers of all nations.
May those who suffer violence be given strength to survive.
May those who suffer poverty and distress be given hope and aid.
May those who suffer pain and fear be given relief and courage.
May those who are homeless be given shelter and protection.
Lord guide those who have, that they may give
with love and compassion to those who have not.
A prayer from Pida Ripley, London

Jephthah’s Daughter: A Girl Without Angels

Judges 10-11

Hamlet:    O Jephthah, judge of Israel what a treasure hadst thou!
Polonius:  What a treasure had he, my Lord?
Hamlet:    One fair daughter and no more; The which he loved passing well.

William Shakespeare, Hamlet

TW/CW: Domestic Violence/Abuse

The story of Jephthah’s daughter is a grim tale that has echoes throughout literature across the ages, from Iphigenia in Greek mythology to Offenbach’s operettas to Shakespeare’s Hamlet. It is the story of a proud father, an innocent daughter and a misguided vow.

Although we don’t know her name we know that Jephthah’s daughter loved to dance and this is how we first meet her. Her father is returning from battle and she goes out to greet him ‘dancing to the sound of tambourines.

She was the only child of Jephthah, who was an exile from the Gileadite tribe having been sent away by his brothers as his mother had been a prostitute (or perhaps that’s just what they called her!). He’d made a home for himself in Tob and had become a successful leader of ‘a gang of scoundrels’.

War had broken out and the Gileadites decided they needed Jephthah’s fighting skills and so they begged him to return to join them, which he reluctantly agreed to. However, rather than relying on his skill and on prayer he made a rash vow to God which would be his undoing:

If you give the Ammonites into my hands, whatever comes out of the door of my house to meet me when I return in triumph.. will be the Lord’s, and I will sacrifice it as a burnt offering.
Judges 11. 31

What was he thinking!

Perhaps he imagined a goat would come out of the house first, or a servant he had no regard for.

But he can’t surely have intended for it to be his beloved only child. And so when his daughter came out of the house singing and dancing he cried out in dismay. Not, as you might think, in concern for her, but for himself!

When he saw her he tore his clothes and cried, ‘Oh no, my daughter! You have brought me down and I am devastated. I have made a vow to the Lord that I cannot break.
Judges 11.35

So she’s to blame… nice!

Her reaction was remarkable. She told him he shouldn’t revoke his vow to the Lord but asked him for two months freedom to mourn all that she was about to lose. She spent that time with her friends in the hills and then went back to her death:

and he did to her as he had vowed

We might recall a similar story from Genesis where Isaac was to be sacrificed by his father Abraham. Isaac was saved because an angel appeared just before the final deed and a goat was sacrificed in his place.

Sadly, no there was no angel to save Jephthah’s daughter.

Reflection and Prayer

‘As the Father has loved me, so I have loved you; abide in my love’ 
  John 15.9

Was this sacrifice something that God ordained, or was it just the foolishness and pride of a father unwilling to back down on a promise? My view is that this tale that reminds us that many terrible things have been done in the name of religion but which are nothing to do with God’s will. Jephthah’s daughter showed remarkable courage and strength in the face of a terrible injustice done to her by the very person who should have protected her. It’s another hard story to reflect on, but it’s also important to remember in prayer all those who are harmed at the hands of those they trust.

Let us pray:
For those who suffer at the hands of fathers who harm them;
For those who work with survivors of domestic abuse;
For those who do use God’s name to justify their own destructive actions; And let us remember that we have a heavenly father who loves us and will do us no harm, and He calls us to rest in that love. Amen

Why Why Why Delilah?

Judges 16. 1-31

My my my Delilah
Why why why Delilah
I could see, that girl was no good for me
But I was lost like a slave that no man could free

I’m sure we’ve all crooned along to this Tom Jones classic. It’s a fantastically dark song about a woman caught in adultery who is murdered by her man:

She stood there laughing
I felt the knife in my hand and she laughed no more

The story of Delilah in the book of Judges is also a pretty dark tale, but this time the woman doesn’t end up dead. Delilah is a classic example of the female archetype that we see in both ancient and modern myths and stories:

The Femme Fatale

The Femme Fatale is portrayed as seductive, sexual, intelligent and beautiful. She normally eschews family life and is considered dangerous. She uses her ‘seductive’ skills to bring about the fall of a man previously thought to be invincible. We might think of Salome (‘bring me the head of John the Baptist’), Cleopatra or Carmen. Or more recent examples are Christine Keeler of the Profumo scandal, or Villanelle in Killing Eve.

Samson was Judge in Israel at a time when they were under the dominion of the Philistines. He was waging a private battle against them which culminated in a massive Israelite victory, and Samson was seen as the strongest and most powerful hero of his time.

That is until he fell in love.

I could see, that girl was no good for me
But I was lost like a slave that no man could free

It is likely that Delilah was a Philistine – she’s certainly portrayed as a foreigner. Unlike most other women she isn’t defined by her relationship to another man – we aren’t told who her father or brother is – she just appears, which adds to her intrigue and danger.

The Philistines offered her an enormous amount of money (11,000 pieces of silver) in return for information about Samson’s weakness so they could beat him in battle. It’s the riddle that he doesn’t want anyone to find out: the secret to his strength.

Coax him and find out what makes his strength so great, and how we may overpower him, so that we may bind him in order to subdue him
Judges 16.5

We don’t know if Delilah agreed to betray Samson out of loyalty to her people, hatred of Samson, or for the money.

My my my Delilah
Why why why Delilah

But she agreed. This led to her using all of her wily skills to find out her lover’s secret. She pleaded – ‘please tell me what makes your strength so great’; she pretended to be hurt – ‘you have mocked me and told me lies’; she was assertive – ‘until now you have mocked me.. tell me how you could be bound’.

Samson played along for a while.

‘if they bind me with seven fresh bowstrings that are not dried out,’
‘if they bind me with new ropes that have not been used’
‘if you weave the seven locks of my head with the web and make it tight’
… then I shall become weak
Judges 16. 7-14

All those cords – it’s all rather kinky! But each time he broke free.

She then appealed to the heart and used persistence (which, when applied to women, is often called nagging).

How can you say, ‘I love you’ when your heart is not with me?…Finally, after she had nagged him with her words day after day, and pestered him, he was tired to death. So he told her’
Judges 15. 16-17

Samson and Delilah, by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472 – 1553)

Once she had the secret she passed this on to the Philistines who paid her. She soothed him to sleep on her lap and another man came in and cut all his hair off: his strength left him. He was then blinded, thrown into prison and humiliated by being forced to ‘entertain’ his guards (we don’t know exactly what that means).

My my my Delilah
Why why why Delilah
I could see, that girl was no good for me

His hair grew back and his strength returned and so in a final act of revenge Samson pulled the pillars down on them all, killing himself and his Philistine captors. We don’t know if Delilah was amongst them. I think it’s unlikely she stuck around once she’d got her cash. She was far too wily for that!

Forgive me Delilah I just couldn’t take any more

Reflection and Prayer

If you’re now humming the Tom Jones song Delilah you might want to have a listen to it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S87jWwzvwd8

If you’d like to listen to something a little more erudite then Camille Saint-Saëns’ opera Samson and Delilah has a fantastic aria called Bacchanale which you can listen to here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdITMksls0Y

Samson and Delilah had very different ways of showing strength didn’t they?Samson’s strength seemed to lie in his physical appearance, and yet even this powerful man had a weakness. On the surface, Delilah seemed the weaker of the two, but she demonstrated great strength through her cunning and powers of persuasion. It can be difficult to gauge the strength of others, we often don’t even know our own abilities – some of us look strong on the outside and yet inside are weak and vulnerable; and others are perceived to be weak and yet in adversity turn out to have nerves of steel and an ability to withstand all kinds of trials.

Finally, be strong in the Lord and in the strength of his power...
Therefore take up the whole armour of God...fasten the belt of truth around your waist, and put on the breastplate of righteousness. As shoes for your feet put on whatever will make you ready to proclaim the gospel of peace. With all of these, take the shield of faith, with which you will be able to quench all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.
Pray in the Spirit at all times in every prayer and supplication. To that end keep alert and always persevere in supplication for all the saints.
Ephesians.6:10,15-18

As we pray for strength in these troubling times, perhaps we might like to pray the prayer of St Patrick, whose Saint’s Day was earlier this week, for ourselves and for our loved ones. Maybe we can imagine ourselves putting on the armour of God as we do so.

Christ be with me, Christ within me,
Christ behind me, Christ before me,
Christ beside me, Christ to win me,
Christ to comfort and restore me.
Christ beneath me, Christ above me,
Christ in quiet, Christ in danger,
Christ in hearts of all who love me,
Christ in mouth of friend and stranger.
St Patrick’s Breastplate

The First Mrs Samson

Judges 14

The next woman was meant to be Delilah but once I’d re-read the story of Samson I couldn’t miss out the first Mrs Samson. Most people have never heard of her and she isn’t given a name. She was a Philistine woman from Timnah. Samson, the hirsute Nazarite prophesied to be saviour of Israel from the Philistines, sees her from afar and decides that he wants her as his wife.

It isn’t the most romantic start to a relationship:

Get her for me [he tells his father]. She’s the right one for me.
Judges 14.3

It’s important to remember that at the time the Philistines were enemies of the Israelites and so this was an unusual match, and both families are wary of the union.

We all know tales of weddings that go awry with fights breaking out amongst guests or badly behaved relatives. A vicar friend of mine dropped the bridal ring down the church grate during the vows and they had to use a bridesmaid’s ring until after the service when they could get in a plumber!

However, I don’t think anyone will have had a worst engagement and wedding celebration that the poor first Mrs Samson.

It began badly. On the way to meet her for the first time Samson encountered a lion and ripped it apart with his bare hands. We can only hope he washed his hands before he saw her! He later found that the carcass has filled up with bees and scooped out some honey, ate it and took some as a gift for his folks.

The Wedding of Samson by Rembrandt van Rijn, between 1625 and 1669

But things really began going wrong during the wedding reception, which in those days lasted several days. Many of the most serious arguments begin with something really quite small, and this was the case for the Samsons.

It all began with a simple riddle.

We probably all know that Samson’s defining features are his long hair and his strength, but he was also keen on riddles and gambling. The Philistines provided Samson with 30 young men to be his companions during the festivities, and Samson decided to set them up with a riddle using fine linens as a wager.

Fun Fact: jars of Tate and Lyle’s Golden Syrup feature the lion and bees with the quote ‘out of the strong came forth sweetness’ from Judges

Out of the eater, something to eat; Out of the strong, something sweet.
Judges 14.14

This drove the young men mad. So mad in fact that they threatened to murder the bride and burn her family home if she didn’t tell them the answer!

She cried for the whole seven days of her ‘celebrations’ and eventually persuaded her new husband to give her the answer (Lion. Honey). Sadly, this didn’t end the matter. Samson was so furious that he’d lost the riddle that he paid back his debt by stealing the clothes off the backs of another group of men and then angrily went back to his family home abandoning his new bride.

She was then given in marriage to one of the companions, and one can image she might have been pretty relieved to be rid of the unpredictable Nazarene.

However the next year Samson went back to reclaim his bride and, finding she was already married, a cycle of violence began between the two clans which led to arguably the most bizarre act of revenge in the entire Bible.

Samson caught three hundred foxes (how on earth did he manage this?!), tied their tails together, set them alight and let them loose in the Philistines’ fields, where they ran around and burned down all their crops. It sounds like something out of a Roald Dahl novel!

They then retaliated by murdering the fated first Mrs Samson, her father, and many of her people.

And it all began with a riddle!

Prayer and Reflection

In the Church of England marriage service there is a promise that the congregation make to support the couple:

Will you, family and friends of x and x support and uphold them now and in the years to come’. 
ALL: We Will.

What can we do to support and uphold relationships that are struggling at this time?

A blessing often used at the end of wedding services – a prayer for us all perhaps.

God the Holy Trinity make you strong in faith and love,
defend you on every side, and guide you in truth and peace;
and the blessing of God almighty,
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit,
be among you and remain with you always.
Amen.

Jael: Malicious in Tent

Judges 4 and 5

One of my favourite Netflix series for 2019 was the spy thriller and darkly comic ‘Killing Eve’. The star was Villanelle, the beautiful and almost child-like assassin who comes up with weird and macabre ways to bump off her victims.

If Deborah defied our expectations of women in the Bible by being a judge and prophet then this next woman shatters any illusions that women are the ‘gentler sex’.

Yesterday’s tale ended with Sisera, the commander of the King of Cannaan’s army, in retreat. He had oppressed the people of Israel for many years and Barak, with Deborah at his side had gone to fight for justice. Sisera began the battle with 900 chariots and ended with an enormous defeat. He fled on foot to the tent of the Bedouin family of Heber the Kenite, who he knew was a long-time ally of his.

Heber the Kenite may well have been an ally, but Sisera didn’t consider Heber’s wife. Jael, it seems, was not an ally – very far from it in fact:

Jael saw him coming, so she went out to meet him and said, “Sir, come into my tent. Come in. Don’t be afraid.”
Judges 4.18 (ERV)

Jael and Sisera, ca 1690, Lucas Jordán, Luca Jordanus, Luca Fa Presto, 1632-1705

She was generous and hospitable, gave him some milk and a warm bed and tucked him in for the night. After a full day’s battle Sisera must have been exhausted and so he soon fell sound asleep.

She went softly to him and drove the peg into his temple, until it went down into the ground – and he died.
Judges 4.21

Bedouin people lived in tents and so Jael must have been a good hand with a peg and a mallet! She uses what she knows. Villanelle couldn’t have done it better herself!

Jael even gets a mention in Deborah’s triumphant song which isn’t the most romantic of ditties!

Most blessed women be Jael,
The wife of Heber the Kenite,
Of tent dwelling women be blessed….
She put her hand to the tent peg and her right hand to the work-men’s mallet;
She struck Sisera a blow, she crushed his head,
She shattered and pierced his temple.
He sank, he fell, he lay still at her feet;
At her feet he sank, he fell,
Where he sank, there he fell dead.
Judges 5:24-27

Nice!

It’s an odd tale, and brings up moral issues of whether violence such as this can ever be justified or claimed to be part of God’s will. It’s hard from our perspective to judge the decisions of those in conflicts so many centuries ago. Do the ends justify the means? It’s very hard to tell, but what we are told is the actions of Deborah and Jael led to peace:

there was peace in the land for forty years’
Judges 5.31

That is, until the people rebelled again and war broke out once more (Judges 6).

Reflection and Prayer

Put away from you all bitterness and wrath and anger and wrangling and slander, together with all malice, and be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ has forgiven you.
Ephesians 4.31-32

Aggression and violence is more often considered to be a male issue, and men are certainly more likely to be physically violent than women. However research shows that women are more likely to use indirect aggression, such as spreading false rumours, excluding others from a social group, making insinuations without direct accusation, and criticising others’ appearance or personality (1). Jael’s actions are shocking because of the physical nature of her actions, but perhaps we can all recognise ways in which we can be aggressive at times, and when our anger can result in harm to others.

I love this prayer by Harry Williams as it’s so real and honest:

O God, I am hellishly angry; I think so and so is a swine; I am tortured by worry about this or that; I am pretty certain things can’t get worse; this or that has left me feeling terribly depressed. But nonetheless here I am like this, feeling both bloody and bloody minded, and I’m going to stay here for ten minutes. You are most unlikely to give me anything. I know that. But I am going to stay here for ten minutes nonetheless. Amen

(1) Frontiers – Behavioural Neuroscience, 02 May 2018 – Aggression in Women: Behaviour, Brain and Hormones https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00081

Deborah: the warrior judge

Judges 4 and 5

One of the memorable moments of 2019 in the UK was of Judge Lady Brenda Hale, President of the Supreme Court, declaring Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s prorogation of parliament unlawful. She was cool, calm, and resplendent in her spider brooch!

Lady Brenda Hale

She is a powerful advocate for a more balanced gender representation on the UK’s highest court, and yet she objects to the idea of positive discrimination:

“no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” [1]

Deborah Beneath the Palm Tree, c. 1896-1902, by James Jacques Joseph Tissot (French, 1836-1902) or followers

It is unlikely that there was any semblance of positive discrimination going on in (around) 12^th Century BC to enable Deborah to become a judge, and so we must assume that her position came about due to her own merits.

At that time Deborah, a prophetess, wife of Lappidoth, was judging Israel. She used to sit under the palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the Israelites came up to her for judgment
Judges 4.4-5

The book of Judges chronicles a cycle of rebellion and deliverance which follows this basic pattern: the people are unfaithful to God (Yahweh) and He delivers them into the hands of their enemies; the people repent and cry out for mercy, which He sends in the form of a leader or champion (a “judge”); the judge delivers them from oppression and they prosper; then after a while they fall back into unfaithfulness and the cycle is repeated.

The story of Deborah follows this pattern but is unique in the Hebrew bible as she is the only female judge.

A battle had broken out between the Israelites (with their general Barak) and Sisera, the general of Jabin’s army. Deborah summoned Barak and commanded him to go to Mount Tabor with 10,000 soldiers from the tribes of Naphatili and Zebulun. However, Barak refuses to go without her by his side.

If you will go with me, I will go; but if you will not go with me, I will not go.
Judges 4.8

She goes with him but not before warning him that if they won the battle then he won’t receive the glory for it as it would always be known that, ‘the Lord will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman’. (Judges 4. 9)

The battle is won and Sisera and his army of 900 chariots retreat with Sisera running away on foot into Jael’s tent (more on her and the fate of Sisera in tomorrow’s blog!).

The ‘Song of Deborah’ in Judges 5 is perhaps the oldest example of Hebrew poetry and is a victory hymn that retells the story and celebrates a military victory brought about by two women.

‘The peasantry prospered in Israel,
They grew fat on plunder,
Because you arose, Deborah,
Arose as a mother in Israel….
Awake, awake, Deborah!
Awake, awake, utter a song!’
Judges 5. 7, 12

Reflection and Prayer

Here is my servant, whom I have chosen,
my beloved, with whom my soul is well pleased.
I will put my Spirit upon him,
and he will proclaim justice to the Gentiles.
Matthew 12.18

Let us remember all those who work in judicial systems around the world: for the police, lawyers, barristers, judges and for all those who create our laws and work to ensure justice and peace. We particularly remember parts of the world where these systems have broken down, where justice isn’t administered with equality, and where the poor continue to suffer because of this.

O God of righteousness, lead us we pray, in the ways of justice and peace: Inspire us to break down all oppression and wrong, to gain for everyone their due reward, and from everyone their due service, that each may live for all, and all may care for each, in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen
A Prayer of Archbishop William Temple, 1881-1944)

[1] From Wikipedia,
Bowcott, Owen (1 January 2019). “White and male UK judiciary ‘from another planet’, says Lady Hale”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.